A 6 year study shows which CEOs are pushing RTO mandates: The ones with the biggest egos

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Good morning. Claire Zillman writing from London this morning. CEOs have offered many different reasons for calling workers back into the office—despite research that suggests working from home can be as effective, if not more effective, than in-office work. Amazon’s Andy Jassy says in-person collaboration is “simpler and more effective.” Jamie Dimon calls Zoom-heavy work “management by Hollywood Squares.” Instagram’s Adam Mosseri says five days in-office breeds creativity. Larry Fink even floated the idea that getting bodies back in chairs could help beat inflation.

These are the arguments CEOs have made publicly. But a new study suggests there’s a less flattering explanation that nobody has put in a memo. A Wharton study co-authored by organizational psychologist Adam Grant found that leader narcissism is directly associated with resistance to remote work. The main reason? Power is easier to perform in person.

In the six-year study, researchers collected data on Fortune 500 CEOs, using behavioral proxies—signature size, photo size in annual reports, pay gap relative to peers—to construct narcissism scores. The higher the score, the more likely a CEO was to publicly oppose remote and hybrid work and seek additional status (like a board chairmanship). In a separate experiment, CEOs whose egos were primed—by reflecting on the assertive leadership styles of Steve Jobs and Larry Ellison—showed significantly greater opposition to working from home than a control group. 

“The higher the opinions of themselves leaders expressed, the more they coveted power and status—and the more they favored return-to-office mandates,” the authors wrote in a New York Times opinion piece.

Grant and his coauthors warn that ego may be blinding CEOs to the upside of more flexible working arrangements—a perk employees love—and motivating them to impose full-time in-office mandates that could backfire. 

The study should be a wakeup call for leaders: There may be totally legitimate reasons to call employees back into the office, but massaging the boss’s ego isn’t one of them.

Contact CEO Daily via Diane Brady at diane.brady@fortune.com

This story was originally featured on Fortune.com